ESTROGEN RECEPTOR and BREAST CANCER: UNDERSTANDING THE LINK

The estrogen receptor (ER) is a critical protein involved in regulating various biological processes, particularly in breast tissue. It plays a vital role in cell proliferation and differentiation. Abnormal ER signaling can lead to breast cancer development and progression.

At AnyGenes, we provide innovative SignArrays® designed for high-throughput analysis of estrogen receptor and breast cancer. Our customizable arrays allow researchers to investigate the mechanisms underlying ER+ breast cancer, facilitating advancements in personalized medicine and therapeutic strategies.

Representation of estrogen receptor in breast cancer research with AnyGenes arrays for advanced analysis and treatment.

Model of estrogen signaling pathways involved in cancer progression.

Model of estrogen signaling pathways in cancer.

THE ROLE OF ESTROGEN RECEPTOR IN BREAST CANCER

Estrogen receptors are proteins found inside and on the surface of breast cells. When estrogen binds to these receptors, it activates signaling pathways that promote cell growth and proliferation. In ER⁺ breast cancer, the presence of estrogen receptors leads to uncontrolled cell division, contributing to tumor growth.

TYPES OF ESTROGEN RECEPTORS

There are two main types of estrogen receptors:

ERα (Estrogen Receptor Alpha): primarily involved in breast cancer development. Its activation leads to the transcriptionof genes that stimulate cell growth.
ERβ (Estrogen Receptor Beta): generally thought to have a protective role against breast cancer, ERβ's function is still under investigation.

ESTROGEN RECEPTOR6POSITIVE BREAST CANCER

ER⁺ breast cancers are often more responsive to hormone therapies, making early detection and accurate diagnosis essential. Common subtypes of ER⁺ breast cancer include:

Luminal 1: typically low grade, slower growing, and often more responsive to hormone therapy.
Luminal B: higher grade, may be more aggressive, and also express HER2.
ER-positive (ER⁺): these tumors depend on estrogen for growth and are sensitive to endocrine therapies.
ER-positive (ER^-): these tumors do not express estrogen receptors and typically require different treatment approaches.

DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT

Diagnosing ER⁺ breast cancer typically involves:

Immunohistochemistry: a test that detects the presence of estrogen receptors in tissue samples.
Gene expression profiling: assessing the activity of specific genes to determine the cancer subtype.

Treatment options for ER⁺ breast cancer often include:

Hormonal therapy: medications such as tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors block estrogen's effects, slowing or stopping the growth of cancer cells.
Targeted therapy: drugs specifically target HER2 receptors may be used in conjunction with hormonal therapies. Emerging therapies: New agents targeting ER signaling are being developed to overcome treatment resistance caused by mutations in the ER gene.
Resistance mechanism

(1) Miziak P, et al. Estrogen Receptor Signaling in Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel). (2023)23;15(19):4689.

(2) Clusan L, et al. A Basic Review on Estrogen Receptor Signaling Pathways in Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Apr 6;24(7):6834.

(3) SM, Mittendorf EA, Guerriero JL. The Immunology of Hormone Receptor Positive Breast Cancer. Front Immunol. (2021)11;12:674192.

(4) Hsu LH, et al. G-Protein Coupled Estrogen Receptor in Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci. (2019)14;20(2):306.

ESTROGEN RECEPTOR & BREAST CANCER BIOMARKER LIST

Customize your own signaling pathways (SignArrays®) with the factors of your choice!
Simply download and complete our Personalized SignArrays® information file and send it at contact@anygenes.com to get started on your project.

You can check the biomarker list included in this pathway, see below:

Species : Homo sapiens (human)

Signaling Pathways	Product ref	Informations
Estrogen Receptor & Breast Cancer	ERBC1H1	List infos

Species : Mus musculus (mouse)

Signaling Pathways	Product ref	Informations
Estrogen Receptor & Breast Cancer	ERBC1M1	List infos

Species : Rattus norvegicus (rat)

Signaling Pathways	Product ref	Informations
Estrogen Receptor & Breast Cancer	*******	List In progress...

Species : Sus Scrofa (Pig)

Signaling Pathways	Product ref	Informations
Estrogen Receptor & Breast Cancer	*******	List In progress...

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