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NFKB PATHWAY: MASTER REGULATOR OF INFLAMMATION AND IMMUNITY

The NFKB pathway (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells pathway)  is a key signaling mechanism that controls immune and inflammatory responses, cell survival, and stress adaptation. It is activated in response to stimuli such as cytokines, infections, and oxidative stress, playing a pivotal role in maintaining cellular homeostasis.

AnyGenes provides specialized qPCR arrays tailored to analyze the NFKB pathway. These tools are designed to deliver reliable, precise data, enabling researchers to study the pathway’s role in health and disease.

AnyGenes NFKB pathway qPCR array for inflammation and immunity research.

Discover our advanced qPCR arrays for NFKB Signaling Pathway research.

canonical and non-canonical Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathways.

Schematic diagram of the canonical and non-canonical Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathways.

CORE COMPONENTS OF THE NFKB PATHWAY

The NF-κB pathway comprises a family of transcription factors, including:

  • NF-κB Dimers: Typically p65 (RelA), RelB, c-Rel, p50, and p52, forming homo- or heterodimers.
  • IκB Proteins: Inhibitors of NF-κB that sequester the dimers in the cytoplasm.
  • IKK Complex: IκB kinase (IKK) complex, comprising IKKα, IKKβ, and IKKγ (NEMO), which phosphorylates IκB proteins, marking them for degradation.

Upon activation, NF-κB translocates to the nucleus to regulate the expression of genes involved in immune responses, cell proliferation, and apoptosis.

ACTIVATION OF NFKB PATHWAY: CANONICAL AND NON-CANONICAL

The NF-κB pathway operates through two primary mechanisms:

  1. Canonical Pathway:
    • Triggered by pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNF-α, IL-1), microbial infections, and physical stress.
    • Relies on IκB phosphorylation and degradation, releasing p65/p50 dimers to translocate into the nucleus.
    • Controls genes involved in acute inflammation and innate immunity.
  2. Non-Canonical Pathway:
    • Activated by specific signals, such as lymphotoxin-β or BAFF (B-cell activating factor).
    • Involves processing of the p100 precursor protein into p52, forming RelB/p52 dimers.
    • Regulates lymphoid organogenesis and adaptive immunity.

CROSS-TALK BETWEEN NF-κB AND OTHER PATHWAYS

NF-κB signaling is not isolated; it interacts with multiple pathways to coordinate cellular responses:

Understanding these interactions provides deeper insights into the pathway's complex regulatory networks.

NFKB PATHWAY IN DISEASES

Dysregulation of the NF-κB pathway is implicated in various conditions, including:

  • Chronic Inflammatory Diseases: Rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and asthma.
  • Cancer: Persistent activation of NF-κB contributes to tumor progression and chemoresistance.
  • Cardiovascular Disorders: Promotes atherosclerosis and heart failure.
  • Neurodegenerative Diseases: Linked to conditions like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s.
(1) Wang Y, et al. NF-κB signaling in skin aging. Mech Ageing Dev. (2019);184:111160.
(2) Soleimani A, et al. Role of the NF-κB signaling pathway in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer. Gene. (2020);726:144132.
(3) Ramadass V, et al. Small Molecule NF-κB Pathway Inhibitors in Clinic. Int J Mol Sci. (2020);21(14):5164.
(4) Singh S, & Singh TG. Role of Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF-κB) Signalling in Neurodegenerative Diseases: An Mechanistic Approach. Curr Neuropharmacol. (2020);18(10):918-935

NFKB SIGNALING PATHWAY BIOMARKER LIST

Customize your own signaling pathways (SignArrays®) with the factors of your choice!
Simply download and complete our Personalized SignArrays® information file and send it at [email protected] to get started on your project.

You can check the biomarker list included in this pathway, see below: .

Species : Homo sapiens (human)

Human NFKB pathway

Signaling PathwaysProduct refInformations

NFKB Signaling Pathway

NFKB1H1

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Species : Mus musculus (mouse)

Mouse NFKB pathway

Signaling PathwaysProduct refInformations

NFKB Signaling Pathway

NFKB1M1

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Species : Rattus norvegicus (rat)

Rat NFKB pathway

Signaling PathwaysProduct refInformations

NFKB Signaling Pathway

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List In progress...


Species : Sus Scrofa (Pig)

Pig NF-κB Signaling

Signaling PathwaysProduct refInformations

NFKB Signaling Pathway

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List In progress...


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