Inflammasome Signaling Pathway NLRP3, IL1B, CASP1 what else?

NLRP3 inflammasome is a multimeric cytosolic protein complex that assembles in response to cellular perturbations.

Activation of this complex is regulated through two-step process, with priming at the transcriptional and posttranslational levels (Signal 1) and assembly by multiple pathways in response to a variety of exogenous pathogen-derived or endogenous danger molecules (Signal 2). This assembly leads to the activation of caspase-1, which promotes maturation and release of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18, as well as inflammatory cell death (pyroptosis) ⁽¹⁾.

We also cite the important role of NLRP3 complex in the antiviral immune responses. This complex can be activated by both viral components, including RNA and proteins (PAMPs), and danger signals (DAMPs)⁽⁵⁾.

The NLRP3 complex play dual roles in mediating a wide range of human disease like: inflammatory, metabolic (atherosclerosis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), gout, type 2 diabetes and obesity induced insulin resistance.), chronic neurodegenerative diseases, and COVID-19... Without ignoring their beneficial role in numerous infectious diseases and some cancers ^(1,3,4).