mTOR pathway through two distinct protein complexes mTORC1 and mTORC2, coordinates eukaryotic cell growth and metabolism with environmental inputs including nutrients and growth factors (1). mTOR was also shown to be regulated by other external stresses, such as oxygen deprivation (hypoxia), radiation, high salt concentration, DNA topoisomerase inhibitors, and histone deacetylase inhibitors (6).
The distinct roles of mTOR were identified in gene transcription, protein synthesis, tissue regeneration and repair, oxidative stress, immunity, aging, and cell death that include autophagy and apoptosis, insulin resistance, adipogenesis, and T-lymphocyte activation (2,4).