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NFKB PATHWAY: MASTER REGULATOR OF INFLAMMATION AND IMMUNITY

The NFKB pathway (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells pathway)  is a key signaling mechanism that regulates immune response, inflammation, cell survival, and stress adaptation. Activated by stimuli such as cytokines, infections, and oxidative stress, the pathway plays a critical role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and coordinating responses to environmental challenges.

With AnyGenes qPCR arrays, researchers can precisely analyze the NFKB pathway, ensuring reliable and reproductible results. These tools allow for the study of NF-KB signaling in health and disease, providing insights into immune regulation, inflammatory processes and therapeutic targets.

AnyGenes NFKB pathway qPCR array for inflammation and immunity research.

Discover our advanced qPCR arrays for NFKB Signaling Pathway research.

canonical and non-canonical Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathways.
Schematic diagram of the canonical and non-canonical Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathways.

CORE COMPONENTS OF THE NFKB PATHWAY

The NF-κB pathway involves several key molecules:

  • NF-κB dimers: typically p65 (RelA), RelB, c-Rel, p50, and p52, forming homo- or heterodimers.
  • IκB proteins: inhibitors that sequester NF-κB dimers in the cytoplasm.
  • IKK complex: IκB kinase (IKK) complex ( IKKα, IKKβ, and IKKγ/NEMO), phosphorylates IκB proteins, marking it for degradation.

Upon activation, NF-κB translocates to the nucleus to regulate genes involved in immune response, cell proliferation, and apoptosis.

ACTIVATION OF NF-KB PATHWAY: CANONICAL AND NON-CANONICAL

The NF-κB pathway operates through two primary mechanisms:

  1. Canonical Pathway:
    • Triggered by pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNF-α, IL-1), microbial infections, and physical stress.
    • Involves IκB phosphorylation and degradation, releasing p65/p50 dimers into the nucleus.
    • Controls genes responsible for acute inflammation and innate immunity.
  2. Non-Canonical Pathway:
    • Activated by specific signals like lymphotoxin-β or BAFF (B-cell activating factor).
    • Processes p100 precursor protein into p52, forming RelB/p52 dimers.
    • Regulates lymphoid organogenesis and adaptive immunity.

CROSS-TALK WITH OTHER PATHWAYS

The NF-κB pathwy interacts with multiple signaling pathways to coordinate cellular responses:

Understanding these interactions provides deeper insights into the pathway’s complex regulatory networks.

NF-KB PATHWAY IN DISEASES

Dysregulated NF-κB signaling is implicated in various conditions :

  • Chronic inflammatory diseases: Rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and asthma.
  • Cancer: persistent activation of NF-κB contributes to tumor progression and chemoresistance.
  • Cardiovascular disorders: promotes atherosclerosis and heart failure.
  • Neurodegenerative diseases: Linked to Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases.

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS

The NFKB pathway is a key signaling mechanism that controls inflammation, immune responses, and cell survival.

Cytokines, infections, oxidative stress, and growth factors can trigger canonical or non-canonical NF-κB pathways.

Chronic inflammatory disorders, various cancers, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative conditions.

NF-κB interacts with MAPK, PI3K-Akt, and Wnt/β-Catenin pathways to coordinate cellular responses to stress and inflammation.

You can explore the NF-κB biomarker table below to verify if your research targets are already included. If additional genes are needed, you can customize your own SignArrays® by downloading and completing our Personalized SignArrays® information file. Send it to  [email protected] to get started on your project.
  1. Wang Y, et al. NF-κB signaling in skin aging. Mech Ageing Dev. (2019);184:111160.
  2. Soleimani A, et al. Role of the NF-κB signaling pathway in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer. Gene. (2020);726:144132.
  3. Ramadass V, et al. Small Molecule NF-κB Pathway Inhibitors in Clinic. Int J Mol Sci. (2020);21(14):5164.
  4. Singh S, & Singh TG. Role of Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF-κB) Signalling in Neurodegenerative Diseases: An Mechanistic Approach. Curr Neuropharmacol. (2020);18(10):918-935

NFKB SIGNALING PATHWAY BIOMARKER LIST

Customize your own signaling pathways (SignArrays®) with the factors of your choice!
Simply download and complete our Personalized SignArrays® information file and send it at [email protected] to get started on your project.

You can check the biomarker list included in this pathway, see below:

Species : Homo sapiens (human)

Human NFKB pathway

Signaling PathwaysProduct refInformations

NFKB Signaling Pathway

NFKB1H1

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Species : Mus musculus (mouse)

Mouse NFKB pathway

Signaling PathwaysProduct refInformations

NFKB Signaling Pathway

NFKB1M1

List infos


Species : Rattus norvegicus (rat)

Rat NFKB pathway

Signaling PathwaysProduct refInformations

NFKB Signaling Pathway

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List In progress...


Species : Sus Scrofa (Pig)

Pig NF-κB Signaling

Signaling PathwaysProduct refInformations

NFKB Signaling Pathway

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List In progress...


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