PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway – Functions, Disease Implications and Biomarker Analysis
What is the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway?
The PI3K/Akt signaling pathway is a central intracellular signaling cascade that regulates proliferation, angiogenesis, cell growth, survival, metabolism, and motility. It is activated by extracellular signals such as growth factors, cytokines, hormones, and nutrients.
Upon activation, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) converts PIP2 into PIP3, leading to recruitment and activation of AKT (Protein Kinase B). Activated AKT phosphorylates a wide range of downstream substrates controlling cell fate decisions.
Dysregulation of PI3K/AKT signaling is one of the most frequent molecular alterations in cancer, and is also implicated in metabolic, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative diseases.
It is activated by growth factor receptors, leading to PI3K-mediated PIP3 production and AKT activation, which regulates cell survival, growth, and metabolism.
Which genes are involved in the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway?
Key genes include PIK3CA, AKT1/2/3, PTEN, and mTOR.
How is PI3K/AKT signaling involved in cancer?
Hyperactivation promotes tumor growth, survival, and resistance to therapy.
How can PI3K/AKT pathway activity be analyzed?
By measuring expression of pathway regulators and downstream targets using targeted gene expression approaches such as qPCR pathway arrays.
PI3K-AKT signaling pathway biomarker list
You can check the biomarker list included in this pathway, see below:
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Bibliography
1. Jafari M et al. PI3k/AKT signaling pathway: Erythropoiesis and beyond. J Cell Physiol. (2019);234(3):2373-2385.
2. He Y et al. Targeting PI3K/Akt signal transduction for cancer therapy.Signal Transduct Target Ther. (2021);6(1):425.
3. Liu R et al. PI3K/AKT pathway as a key link modulates the multidrug resistance of cancers. Cell Death Dis. (2020);11(9):797.
4. Teng Y et al. The PI3K/Akt Pathway: Emerging Roles in Skin Homeostasis and a Group of Non-Malignant Skin Disorders. Cells. (2021);10(5):1219.
5. Chu E et al. Dysregulated phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling in microglia: shaping chronic neuroinflammation. J Neuroinflammation. (2021);18(1):276.
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