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Inflammasome Signaling Pathway – Innate Immunity, Inflammation and Biomarker Analysis

What is the inflammasome signaling pathway?

The inflammasome signaling pathway is a core component of the innate immune system that detects microbial infections, cellular stress, and tissue damage. It coordinates inflammatory responses by activating multiprotein complexes known as inflammasomes, which trigger cytokine maturation and inflammatory cell death.

Among these complexes, the NLRP3 inflammasome is the most extensively studied. Upon activation, inflammasomes recruit adaptor proteins and caspase-1, leading to the maturation and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18, and induction of pyroptosis.

AnyGenes® Inflammasome Signaling Pathway qPCR array for studying inflammation and immune responses in diseases.

Dysregulated inflammasome signaling is a key driver of chronic inflammation and immune-mediated diseases.

Inflammasome signaling pathway biomarker list
View the genes included in our inflammasome-related qPCR arrays.

Inflammasome signaling pathway: Illustration of the NLRP3 inflammasome mechanism of activation, highlighting key steps such as priming, sensing, oligomerization, and cytokine release
Mechanism of NLRP3 inflammasome activation.

Key takeaways

  • Central regulator of innate immune inflammation
  • Activates IL-1β, IL-18 and pyroptotic cell death
  • Strongly linked to NLRP3 inflammasome activity
  • Interacts with NF-κB and TLR signaling pathways
  • Highly relevant for biomarker discovery and immune profiling

Core components of the inflammasome pathway

The inflammasome signaling pathway is composed of several key molecular elements:

  • Sensors: NLRP3, NLRC4, AIM2, Pyrin
  • Adaptor protein: ASC (apoptosis-associated speck-like protein)
  • Effector enzyme: Caspase-1
  • Cytokines: IL-1β, IL-18
  • Execution protein: Gasdermin D (pyroptosis)

Mechanism of inflammasome activation

Inflammasome activation generally requires two sequential signals:

Priming signal

Triggered by PAMPs or DAMPs via Toll-like receptors, leading to NF-κB-dependent transcription of inflammasome components such as NLRP3, CASP1, IL1B and IL18.

Activation signal

Induced by cellular stress signals such as potassium efflux, mitochondrial dysfunction, ROS, ATP, or lysosomal damage.

This process involves four major steps:

  1. Priming
  2. Sensing
  3. Oligomerization
  4. Cytokine release and pyroptosis

Biological functions of inflammasome signaling

Inflammasome activation regulates key immune and inflammatory processes:

  • Innate immune defense against pathogens
  • Cytokine-driven inflammation
  • Pyroptotic cell death
  • Immune cell recruitment and activation
  • Tissue repair and immune surveillance

Inflammasome signaling pathway in disease

Dysregulated inflammasome signaling contributes to numerous diseases:

Inflammatory and autoimmune diseases

  • Gout
  • Rheumatoid arthritis
  • Crohn’s disease

Metabolic disorders

  • Obesity
  • Type 2 diabetes

Neurodegenerative diseases

  • Alzheimer’s disease
  • Parkinson’s disease

Cardiovascular diseases

  • Atherosclerosis
  • Myocardial infarction

Infectious diseases : Severe viral infections, including COVID-19

Clinical and therapeutic relevance

Inflammasome signaling is a major therapeutic target:

  • Development of NLRP3 inhibitors
  • Targeting IL-1β / IL-18 signaling
  • Modulation of caspase-1 and pyroptosis
  • Interaction with immune checkpoints in cancer

Accurate biomarker profiling is critical to guide therapeutic strategies.

Why study the inflammasome signaling pathway with AnyGenes?

At AnyGenes®, we provide high-performance qPCR arrays and customizable SignArrays® dedicated to inflammasome signaling and inflammation research.

Our solutions enable researchers to:

  • Quantify inflammasome-related gene signatures
  • Analyze NLRP3 activation and cytokine expression
  • Study cross-talk with NF-κB, TLR and MAPK pathways

Generate reproducible, publication-ready data

Inflammasome signaling pathway biomarker analysis with AnyGenes®

What can be analyzed?

  • Inflammasome sensors (NLRP3, AIM2, NLRC4)
  • Caspase-1 and Gasdermin D
  • IL-1β, IL-18 and inflammatory mediators
  • Pyroptosis-related gene signatures

Customize your own signaling pathways (SignArrays®) with the factors of your choice!
Simply download and complete our Personalized SignArrays® information file and send it at [email protected] to initiate your project.

Frequently asked questions

It is an innate immune pathway that activates inflammatory cytokines and pyroptotic cell death in response to infection or cellular stress.

NLRP3 is a sensor protein that detects diverse danger signals and triggers caspase-1 activation.

NF-κB provides the priming signal required for inflammasome activation by inducing gene expression.

By measuring expression of inflammasome components and cytokines using targeted gene expression approaches such as qPCR arrays.

Through targeted qPCR arrays or customized SignArrays® optimized for MAPK pathway biomarker analysis.

  1. Sharma BR, Kanneganti TD. NLRP3 inflammasome in cancer and metabolic diseases. Nat Immunol. (2021);22(5):550-559.
  2. Paik S et al. An update on the regulatory mechanisms of NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Cell Mol Immunol. (2021);18(5):1141-1160.
  3. Wang L, Hauenstein AV. The NLRP3 inflammasome: Mechanism of action, role in disease and therapies. Mol Aspects Med. (2020);76:100889.
  4. Zhao N, Di B, Xu LL. The NLRP3 inflammasome and COVID-19: Activation, pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. (2021);61:2-15.
  5. Zhao C, Zhao W. NLRP3 Inflammasome-A Key Player in Antiviral Responses. Front Immunol. (2020)18;11:211.

Inflammasome signaling pathway biomarker list

You can check the biomarker list included in this pathway, see below:

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