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The TGF beta signaling pathway (Transforming Growth Factor beta signaling pathway) is a fundamental regulator of cell growth, differentiation, immune homeostasis, and tissue remodeling. It plays a dual role in physiology and disease by tightly controlling cellular plasticity, inflammation, and extracellular matrix production.
TGF-β signaling is activated in response to developmental cues, tissue injury, and immune challenges. Depending on cellular context, it can suppress cell proliferation and inflammation or promote fibrosis, immune evasion, and tumor progression.
Dysregulation of the TGF beta signaling pathway is a hallmark of cancer progression, fibrotic disorders, and immune-mediated diseases, making it a major focus of translational research and therapeutic development.
TGF beta signaling pathway activity can be efficiently assessed by measuring gene expression of core regulators, downstream targets, and pathway-specific biomarker signatures.
TGF beta signaling pathway biomarker list
View the genes included in our TGF-β pathway qPCR arrays.
The TGF-β superfamily includes TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3, as well as activins and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), which regulate development and tissue homeostasis.
TGF-β signals through type I (TGFBR1) and type II (TGFBR2) serine/threonine kinase receptors. Ligand binding triggers receptor complex formation and downstream signaling activation.
Canonical signaling is mediated by SMAD2 and SMAD3, which associate with SMAD4 and translocate to the nucleus to regulate gene expression.
Inhibitory SMADs (SMAD6, SMAD7) and co-factors fine-tune pathway intensity and duration, preventing excessive signaling.
TGF-β signaling operates through two major branches:
The integration of these branches allows TGF-β to exert context-dependent effects on cell fate and immune responses.
TGF-β signaling regulates:
Cancer
TGF-β acts as a tumor suppressor in early stages but promotes invasion, metastasis, immune evasion, and cancer stemness in advanced tumors.
Fibrosis
Persistent activation drives excessive collagen deposition and tissue scarring in organs such as lung, liver, kidney, and heart.
Immune-mediated disorders
TGF-β modulates immune tolerance and inflammation, contributing to autoimmune diseases and tumor-associated immunosuppression.
The TGF beta signaling pathway is a major therapeutic target:
Accurate biomarker profiling is essential to stratify patients and monitor therapeutic response.
At AnyGenes®, we provide high-performance qPCR arrays and customizable SignArrays® dedicated to TGF-β pathway analysis.
Our solutions enable researchers to:
What can be analyzed?
Customize your own signaling pathways (SignArrays®) with the factors of your choice!
Simply download and complete our Personalized SignArrays® information file and send it at [email protected] to get started on your project.
It is a multifunctional signaling pathway that regulates cell growth, differentiation, immune responses, and tissue remodeling through TGF-β receptor activation.
TGF-β suppresses early tumor growth but later promotes invasion, metastasis, immune evasion, and therapy resistance.
Persistent TGF-β activation stimulates extracellular matrix production, leading to tissue scarring and organ dysfunction.
By measuring expression of pathway regulators and downstream targets using targeted gene expression approaches such as qPCR pathway arrays.
| Signaling Pathways | Product ref | Informations |
|---|---|---|
TGFβ Signaling Pathway | TGFB1H1 |
| Signaling Pathways | Product ref | Informations |
|---|---|---|
TGFβ Signaling Pathway | TGFB1M1 |
| Signaling Pathways | Product ref | Informations |
|---|---|---|
TGFβ Signaling Pathway | TGFB1R1 |
| Signaling Pathways | Product ref | Informations |
|---|---|---|
TGFβ Signaling Pathway | ******* |
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