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Angiogenesis Pathway – Vascular Growth, Tumor Adaptation and Biomarker Analysis

What is the MAPK signaling pathway?

The angiogenesis pathway is a tightly regulated biological process responsible for the formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing vasculature. This signaling network is essential for tissue growth, wound healing, embryonic development, and physiological vascular remodeling.

Under pathological conditions, dysregulated angiogenesis contributes to tumor progression, chronic inflammation, ischemic disorders, and vascular diseases.

The angiogenesis pathway integrates multiple growth factors, endothelial signaling cascades, extracellular matrix remodeling enzymes, and perivascular cell recruitment mechanisms to coordinate vascular sprouting and maturation.

Visualization of the angiogenesis pathway with AnyGenes qPCR array.

Angiogenesis pathway activity can be efficiently assessed by measuring gene expression of pro-angiogenic factors, vascular regulators, and downstream signaling biomarkers.

Angiogenesis signaling pathway
Angiogenesis pathway analysis with AnyGenes qPCR array.

Key takeaways

  • Central regulator of new blood vessel formation
  • Controlled by VEGF, PDGF, FGF, and Angiopoietin signaling
  • Essential for tissue repair and embryonic development
  • Major driver of tumor vascularization and metastasis
  • High-value pathway for oncology and vascular biomarker research

Molecular markers of angiogenesis pathway

Key angiogenic biomarkers include:

  • VEGFA
  • VEGFR1 / VEGFR2
  • FGF2
  • PDGFB
  • ANGPT1 / ANGPT2
  • MMP2 / MMP9
  • PECAM-1 (CD31)
  • VE-cadherin
  • Integrins (αvβ3, αvβ5)

These markers reflect endothelial activation, matrix remodeling, and vessel maturation.

Core mechanisms of the angiogenesis pathway

Sprouting angiogenesis

Sprouting angiogenesis is initiated when endothelial cells respond to angiogenic signals such as VEGF.

Key steps include:

  • Activation of endothelial tip cells
  • Migration toward angiogenic gradients
  • Proliferation of stalk cells
  • Lumen formation and vessel elongation

This mechanism is predominant in tumor vascularization and wound repair.

Intussusceptive angiogenesis

Intussusceptive (splitting) angiogenesis occurs when existing vessels divide through the formation of intraluminal tissue pillars.

This mechanism:

  • Requires less endothelial proliferation
  • Allows rapid vascular remodeling
  • Contributes to vascular adaptation in physiological and pathological contexts

Major signaling pathways regulating angiogenesis

VEGF signaling pathway

VEGF is the primary pro-angiogenic driver.

VEGF binding to VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 activates:

  • PI3K-AKT (cell survival)
  • MAPK (proliferation)
  • eNOS signaling (vascular permeability)

VEGF signaling is a major therapeutic target in oncology.

PDGF signaling pathway

PDGF regulates vessel maturation by recruiting pericytes and stabilizing newly formed vessels.

It ensures vascular integrity and structural organization.

Angiopoietin-Tie signaling

  • Ang1 stabilizes vessels through Tie2 activation
  • Ang2 promotes vessel destabilization, enabling sprouting in the presence of VEGF

FGF signaling

FGF2 stimulates endothelial proliferation and plays a role in tissue repair and regenerative angiogenesis.

Angiogenesis pathway in cancer

Tumors exploit the angiogenesis pathway to sustain growth and metastasis.

Tumor hypoxia induces VEGF production, leading to:

  • Abnormal and leaky vasculature
  • Enhanced tumor cell dissemination
  • Increased resistance to chemotherapy
  • Immune microenvironment modulation

Anti-angiogenic therapies aim to disrupt this vascular supply.

Clinical and therapeutic relevance

Angiogenesis biomarkers are used to:

  • Monitor tumor progression
  • Assess treatment response
  • Develop anti-angiogenic therapies
  • Evaluate vascular remodeling in chronic diseases

Common anti-angiogenic strategies include:

  • VEGF inhibitors
  • Tyrosine kinase inhibitors
  • Anti-angiogenic antibodies

Why study the angiogenesis pathway with AnyGenes®?

At AnyGenes®, we provide high-performance qPCR arrays and customizable SignArrays® dedicated to angiogenesis pathway analysis.

Our solutions enable researchers to:

  • Quantify pro-angiogenic and anti-angiogenic gene signatures
  • Analyze endothelial activation markers
  • Investigate tumor vascular adaptation
  • Study cross-talk with hypoxia, PI3K-AKT, and mTOR pathways

Generate robust, reproducible, publication-ready data

Angiogenesis pathway biomarker analysis with AnyGenes®

What can be analyzed?

  • VEGF family members
  • VEGF receptors
  • PDGF and Angiopoietins
  • Matrix remodeling enzymes
  • Endothelial adhesion molecules
  • Integrins and vascular stability markers

Customize your own signaling pathways (SignArrays®) with the factors of your choice!
Simply download and complete our Personalized SignArrays® information file and send it at [email protected] to get started on your project.

Frequently asked questions

The angiogenesis pathway is a molecular signaling network that regulates the formation of new blood vessels from existing vasculature through coordinated activation of endothelial cells and growth factor signaling.

Angiogenesis is primarily triggered by hypoxia and growth factors such as VEGF, FGF, and PDGF, which stimulate endothelial cell migration, proliferation, and survival.

Tumors activate the angiogenesis pathway to secure oxygen and nutrient supply, promoting tumor growth, metastasis, and resistance to therapy.

Key biomarkers include VEGFA, VEGFR2, FGF2, PDGFB, ANGPT2, MMPs, and endothelial markers such as CD31.

Angiogenesis pathway activity can be analyzed by measuring expression of angiogenic growth factors, receptors, and downstream signaling genes using targeted gene expression tools such as qPCR pathway arrays.

  1. Ma Q, et al. Role of melatonin in controlling angiogenesis under physiological and pathological conditions. Angiogenesis. (2020);23(2):91-104.
    Huang YJ, Nan GX. Oxidative stress-induced angiogenesis. J Clin Neurosci. (2019);63:13-16.
  2. Mukherjee A, et al. Recent Advancements of Nanomedicine towards Antiangiogenic Therapy in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci. (2020);21(2):455.
  3. Braile M, et al. VEGF-A in Cardiomyocytes and Heart Diseases. Int J Mol Sci. (2020);21(15):5294.
  4. Lee HJ, et al. Angiogenesis in Chronic Inflammatory Skin Disorders. Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Nov 7;22(21):12035.
  5. (Loizzi V, et al. Biological Pathways Involved in Tumor Angiogenesis and Bevacizumab Based Anti-Angiogenic Therapy with Special References to Ovarian Cancer. Int J Mol Sci. (2017)14;18(9):1967

Angiogenesis signaling pathway biomarker list

You can check the biomarker list included in this pathway, see below:

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