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AnyGenes

WHAT ARE TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES?

Tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) play a critical role in regulating cell growth and preventing cancer development. They function by inhibiting cell division, promoting apoptosis, and maintaining genomic stability. The inactivation or mutation of these genes can lead to uncontrolled cell proliferation and tumorigenesis.

AnyGenes qPCR arrays help researchers explore the expression levels of these key tumor suppressors with high precision, enabling a deeper understanding of their contribution to cancer development and progression. With accurate and reproducible results, our arrays provide essential data for cancer research and therapeutic advancements..

Visualization of tumor suppressor gene expression analysis using AnyGenes qPCR array for cancer research.
Mutation in the tumor suppressor gene PTEN leads to hyperactivation of the PI3K/AKT/MTOR pathway, which can potentially be targeted at various sites downstream of PTEN.

Mutation in the tumor suppressor gene PTEN leads to hyperactivation of the PI3K/AKT/MTOR pathway, which can potentially be targeted at various sites downstream of PTEN. PIP indicates phosphatidyl phosphate. Adapted with modifications from Rodon J, Dienstmann R, Serra V, Tabernero J. Development of PI3K inhibitors: lessons learned from early clinical trials. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2013;10:143–153..

TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES FUNCTIONS

  • Cell Cycle Regulation: TSGs like p53 and RB1 are vital for controlling the cell cycle. They ensure that cells do not progress through critical checkpoints without proper conditions, preventing the proliferation of damaged cells.
  • DNA Repair: Genes such as BRCA1 and BRCA2 are involved in repairing DNA damage. Their loss is associated with increased susceptibility to breast and ovarian cancers.
  • Apoptosis Induction: Proteins like p53 trigger programmed cell death in response to cellular stress or DNA damage, thus eliminating potentially cancerous cells.
  • Inhibition of Angiogenesis: Some tumor suppressors prevent the formation of new blood vessels that tumors need to grow, thereby limiting their nutrient supply.

NOTABLE TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES

  • TP53: Known as the "guardian of the genome," TP53 is mutated in over half of all human cancers. It regulates the cell cycle and apoptosis.
  • BRCA1/BRCA2: These genes are crucial for DNA repair processes. Mutations significantly increase the risk of breast and ovarian cancers.
  • PTEN: This gene encodes a phosphatase that negatively regulates the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, which is often activated in cancers. Loss of PTEN function is linked to various malignancies.
  • RB1: The retinoblastoma gene is essential for controlling cell cycle progression. Its loss leads to uncontrolled cell division and is implicated in several cancers.
  • Nischarin: regulates cell migration and invasion in breast cancer models, showing promise as a therapeutic target due to its role in preventing metastasis.

TARGETING TSGs FOR CANCER THERAPY

Targeting tumor suppressors for cancer therapy is a promising strategy in the fight against cancer. Here’s how tumor suppressor genes contribute to cancer therapy:

  • Restoring Tumor Suppressor Function, for example, introducing a functional p53 gene into tumor cells could help reactivate its normal function to halt cell division or initiate apoptosis in cancer cells.
  • Targeting Tumor Suppressors to Enhance Immune Response.
  • Pharmacological Activation of Tumor Suppressors uses small molecules to activate functional gene copies, like p53, to induce tumor cell death and enhance chemotherapy or radiation effectiveness.
  • Targeted therapies exploit the loss of tumor suppressors like PTEN or BRCA1/BRCA2, which play key roles in DNA repair. This loss makes cancer cells more dependent on alternative pathways, such as PARP inhibitors, allowing for selective targeting and destruction of cancer cells with defective repair mechanisms.

 

TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES VS ONCOGENES

  • Tumor Suppressor Genes: These genes prevent uncontrolled cell growth by regulating the cell cycle and promoting apoptosis. When mutated or lost (e.g., p53, BRCA1), they fail to suppress tumor growth, contributing to cancer.
  • Oncogenes: These are mutated or overexpressed genes that promote excessive cell growth and survival (e.g., KRAS, MYC). They drive cancer by stimulating uncontrolled cell division.

In essence, tumor suppressor genes act as brakes, while oncogenes act as accelerators, and their imbalance is a key factor in cancer development.

TUMOR SUPRESSORS BIOMARKER LIST

Customize your own signaling pathways (SignArrays®) with the factors of your choice!
Simply download and complete our Personalized SignArrays® information file and send it at [email protected] to get started on your project.

You can check the biomarker list included in this pathway, see below :

Species : Homo sapiens (human)

Human signaling pathways

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Tumor Supressors

TS1H1

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Species : Mus musculus (mouse)

Mouse signaling pathways

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Tumor Supressors

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Species : Rattus norvegicus (rat)

Rat signaling pathways

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Tumor Supressors

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Species : Sus Scrofa (Pig)

Pig Tumor Supressors

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Tumor Supressors

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